यदि किसी समांतर श्रेणी के प्रथम $p, q, r$ पदों का योगफल क्रमशः $a, b$ तथा $c$ हो तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि

$\frac{a}{p}(q-r)+\frac{b}{q}(r-p)+\frac{c}{r}(p-q)=0$

Let $a_{1}$ and $d$ be the first term and the common difference of the $A.P.$ respectively According to the given information,

$S_{p}=\frac{p}{2}\left[2 a_{1}+(p-1) d\right]=a$         .........$(1)$

$\Rightarrow 2 a_{1}+(p-1) d=\frac{2 a}{p}$

$S_{q}=\frac{q}{2}\left[2 a_{1}+(q-1) d\right]=b$          ............$(2)$

$S_{r}=\frac{r}{2}\left[2 a_{1}+(r-1) d\right]=c$

$\Rightarrow 2 a_{1}+(r-1) d=\frac{2 c}{r}$            ............$(3)$

Subtracting $(2)$ from $(1),$ we obtain

$(p-1) d-(q-1) d=\frac{2 a}{p}-\frac{2 b}{q}$

$\Rightarrow d(p-1-q+1)=\frac{2 a q-2 b p}{p q}$

$\Rightarrow d(p-q)=\frac{2 a q-2 b p}{p q}$

$\Rightarrow d=\frac{2(a q-b p)}{p q(p-q)}$        ..........$(4)$

Subtracting $(3)$ from $(2),$ we obtain 

$(q-1) d-(r-1) d=\frac{2 b}{q}-\frac{2 c}{r}$

$\Rightarrow d(q-1-r+1)=\frac{2 b}{q}-\frac{2 c}{r}$

$\Rightarrow d(q-r)=\frac{2 b r-2 q c}{q r}$

$\Rightarrow d=\frac{2(b r-q c)}{q r(q-r)}$           ...........$(5)$

Equating both the values of $d$ obtained in $(4)$ and $(5),$ we obtain

$\frac{a q-b p}{p q(p-q)}=\frac{b r-q c}{q r(q-r)}$

$\Rightarrow q r(q-r)(a q-b q)=p q(q-q)(b r-q c)$

$\Rightarrow r(a q-b p)(q-r)=p(b r-q c)(p-q)$

$\Rightarrow(a q r-b p r)(q-r)=(b p r-p q c)(p-q)$

Dividing both sides by $pqr,$ we obtain

$\left(\frac{a}{p}-\frac{b}{q}\right)(q-r)=\left(\frac{b}{q}-\frac{c}{r}\right)(p-q)$

$\Rightarrow \frac{a}{p}(q-r)-\frac{b}{q}(q-r+p-q)+\frac{c}{r}(p-q)=0$

$\Rightarrow \frac{a}{p}(q-r)+\frac{b}{q}(r-p)+\frac{c}{r}(p-q)=0$

Thus, the given result is proved.