The $+1 -$ oxidation state in group $-13$ and $+2$ oxidation state in group $-14$ becomes more and more stable with increasing atomic number. Explain.
The $+1 -$ oxidation state in group $-13$ and $+2$ oxidation state in group $-14$ becomes more and more stable with increasing atomic number. Explain.
On moving down, in group-$13$ and $14$, lower oxidation state becomes more stable as compared to higher oxidation state, because of inert pair effect.
In inert pair effect, $s$ electrons of valence shell do not participate in bonding only ' $p$ ' electrons participate in bonding. As the size of atom increases, more energy is needed by 's' electrons to participate in bonding from valence shell.
In group $13$ valence shell configuration is $n s^{2} n p^{1}$ ( $\mathrm{n}=2$ to 6 ), when electrons of both ' $s$ ' and
' $p$ ' orbitals participate they show $+3$ oxidation state but, if only ' $p$ ' electrons participate then they show $+1$ oxidation state. In group-$14$ valence shell configuration is $n s^{2} n p^{2}(n=2$ to $6$ ), when electrons of both ' $s$ ' and ' $p$ ' orbitals participate then $+4$ oxidation state and if only ' $p$ ' electrons participate, then they show $+2$ oxidation state.
Similar Questions
Which of the following cation can not give borax bead test ?
Which of the following cation can not give borax bead test ?
Assertion : Both $Be$ and $Al$ can form complexes such as $BeF_4^{2-}$ and $AlF_6^{3-}$ respectively, $BeF_6^{3-}$ is not formed.
Reason : In case of $Be$, no vacant $d-$ orbitals are present in its outermost shell.
Assertion : Both $Be$ and $Al$ can form complexes such as $BeF_4^{2-}$ and $AlF_6^{3-}$ respectively, $BeF_6^{3-}$ is not formed.
Reason : In case of $Be$, no vacant $d-$ orbitals are present in its outermost shell.
- [AIIMS 2015]
Select the incorrect statement
$(a)$ $PCl_5$ form weak monobasic acid during hydrolysis
$(b)$ In $B_3N_3H_6$ nucleophile attack on $B-$ atom
$(c)$ $Al_2Cl_6$ is a polar and planar molecule
$(d)$ In $AlF_3$, hybridisation of $Al$ is $sp^2$
Select the incorrect statement
$(a)$ $PCl_5$ form weak monobasic acid during hydrolysis
$(b)$ In $B_3N_3H_6$ nucleophile attack on $B-$ atom
$(c)$ $Al_2Cl_6$ is a polar and planar molecule
$(d)$ In $AlF_3$, hybridisation of $Al$ is $sp^2$
Explain what happens when boric acid is heated.
Explain what happens when boric acid is heated.
In $LiAlH_4,$ metal $Al$ is present in
In $LiAlH_4,$ metal $Al$ is present in