The area of cross section of a steel wire $(Y = 2.0 \times {10^{11}}N/{m^2})$ is $0.1\;c{m^2}$. The force required to double its length will be

To determine Young's modulus of a wire, the formula is $Y = \frac{F}{A}.\frac{L}{{\Delta L}}$ where $F/A$ is the stress and $L/\Delta L$ is the strain. The conversion factor to change $Y$ from $CGS$ to $MKS$ system is

A horizontal steel railroad track has a length of $100 \,m$, when the temperature is $25^{\circ} C$. The track is constrained from expanding or bending. The stress on the track on a hot summer day, when the temperature is $40^{\circ} C$ is ............. $\times 10^7\,Pa$ (Note : The linear coefficient of thermal expansion for steel is $1.1 \times 10^{-5} /{ }^{\circ} C$ and the Young's modulus of steel is $2 \times 10^{11} \,Pa$ )

A beam of metal supported at the two ends is loaded at the centre. The depression at the centre is proportional to

Young's modulus of rubber is ${10^4}\,N/{m^2}$ and area of cross-section is $2\,c{m^2}$. If force of $2 \times {10^5}$ dynes is applied along its length, then its initial length $l$ becomes

A wire of length $L$ and radius $r$ is clamped at one end. If its other end is pulled by a force $F$, its length increases by $l$. If the radius of the wire and the applied force both are reduced to half of their original values keeping original length constant, the increase in length will become.