The equations of tangents to the circle ${x^2} + {y^2} - 22x - 4y + 25 = 0$ which are perpendicular to the line $5x + 12y + 8 = 0$ are

Pair of tangents are drawn from every point on the line $3x + 4y = 12$ on the circle $x^2 + y^2 = 4$. Their variable chord of contact always passes through a fixed point whose co-ordinates are

The line $ax + by + c = 0$ is a normal to the circle ${x^2} + {y^2} = {r^2}$. The portion of the line $ax + by + c = 0$ intercepted by this circle is of length

Square of the length of the tangent drawn from the point $(\alpha ,\beta )$ to the circle $a{x^2} + a{y^2} = {r^2}$ is

The gradient of the normal at the point $(-2, -3)$ on the circle ${x^2} + {y^2} + 2x + 4y + 3 = 0$ is

Points $P (-3,2), Q (9,10)$ and $R (\alpha, 4)$ lie on a circle $C$ with $P R$ as its diameter. The tangents to $C$ at the points $Q$ and $R$ intersect at the point $S$. If $S$ lies on the line $2 x - ky =1$, then $k$ is equal to $.........$.