The magnetism of magnet is due to

Write Gauss’s law for magnetism.

Two short bar magnets oflength $1\ cm$ each have magnetic moments $1.20\ Am^2$ and $1.00\ Am^2$ respectively. They are placed on a horizontal table parallel to each other with their $N$ poles pointing towards the South. They have a common magnetic equator and are separated by a distance of $20.0\ cm$. The value of the resultand horizontal magnetic induction at the mid-point $O$ of the line joining their centres is close to  (Horizontal component of earth.s magnetic induction is $3.6 \times  10^{-5}$ $Wbm^{-2}$  )

Figure shows a small magnetised needle $P$ placed at a point $O$. The arrow shows the direction of its magnetic moment. The other arrows show different positions (and orientations of the magnetic moment) of another identical magnetised needle $Q$.

$(a)$ In which configuration the system is not in equilibrium?

$(b)$ In which configuration is the system in $(i)$ stable, and $(ii)$ unstable equilibrium?

$(c)$ Which configuration corresponds to the lowest potential energy among all the configurations shown?

The net magnetic flux through any closed surface is

Due to a small magnet intensity at a distance $x$ in the end on position is $9$ $Gauss$. What will be the intensity at a distance $\frac{x}{2}$ on broad side on position..... $Gauss$