The quantity of heat which crosses unit area of a metal plate during conduction depends upon

A copper rod and a steel rod of equal cross-sections and lengths $(L)$ are joined side by side and connected between two heat baths as shown in the figure

If heat flows through them from $x = 0$ to $x = 2L$ at a steady rate and conductivities of the metals are $K_{cu}$ and $K_{steel}$ $(K_{cu} > K_{steel}),$ then the temperature varies as (convection and radiation are negligible)

The ratio of thermal conductivity of two rods of different material is $5 : 4$ . The two rods of same area of cross-section and same thermal resistance will have the lengths in the ratio

The temperature gradient in a rod of $0.5 m$ long is ${80^o}C/m$. If the temperature of hotter end of the rod is ${30^o}C$, then the temperature of the cooler end is ...... $^oC$

Two rectangular blocks, having indentical dimensions, can be arranged either in configuration $I$ or in configuration $II$ as shown in the figure, On of the blocks has thermal conductivity $k$ and the other $2 \ k$. The temperature difference between the ends along the $x$-axis is the same in both the configurations. It takes $9\ s$ to transport a certain amount of heat from the hot end to the cold end in the configuration $I$. The time to transport the same amount of heat in the configuration $II$ is :

Temperature of water at the surface of lake is $ - {20^o}C$ Then temperature of water just below the lower surface of ice layer is ...... $^oC$