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दो आवेश $+ q$ और $- q$ चित्र में क्रमानुसार $A$ और $B$ बिन्दुओ पर स्थित हैं। उनके बीच की दूरी $2 L$ है। $A$ और $B$ के बीच $C$ मध्य बिन्दु है। एक अन्य आवेश $+ Q$ को $CRD$ अर्धवृत्त पर चलाने से किया गया कार्य होगा-

$\;\frac{{qQ}}{{2\pi {\varepsilon _0}L}}$
$\;\frac{{qQ}}{{6\pi {\varepsilon _0}L}}$
$ - \frac{{qQ}}{{6\pi {\varepsilon _0}L}}$
$\;\frac{{qQ}}{{4\pi {\varepsilon _0}L}}$
Solution
From figure, $A C=L, B C=L, B D=B C=L$
$A D=A B+B D=2 L+L=3 L$
Potential at $C$ is given by
$V_{C}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}}\left[\frac{q}{A C}+\frac{(-q)}{B C}\right]=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}}\left[\frac{q}{L}-\frac{q}{L}\right]=0$
Potential at $D$ is given by
$V_{D} =\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}}\left[\frac{q}{A D}+\frac{(-q)}{B D}\right]=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}}\left[\frac{q}{3 L}-\frac{q}{L}\right]$
$=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}} \frac{q}{L}\left[\frac{1}{3}-1\right]=\frac{-q}{6 \pi \varepsilon_{0}}$
Work done in moving charge $+Q$ along the semicircle $CRD$ is given by
$W=\left[V_{D}-V_{C}\right](+Q)=\left[\frac{-q}{6 \pi \varepsilon_{0}}-0\right](Q)=\frac{-q Q}{6 \pi \varepsilon_{0} L}$
Comments : Potential at $C$ is zero because the charges are equal and opposite and the distances are the same. Potential at $D$ due to $-q$ is greater than that at $A$ $(+q),$ because $D$ is closer to $B .$ Therefore it is negative.