In a school there are $20$ teachers who teach mathematics or physics. Of these, $12$ teach mathematics and $4$ teach both physics and mathematics. How many teach physics ?
Let $M$ denote the set of teachers who teach mathematics and $P$ denote the set of teachers who teach physics. In the statement of the problem, the word 'or' gives us a clue of union and the word 'and' gives us a clue of intersection. We, therefore, have
$n( M \cup P )=20, n( M )=12 \text { and } n( M \cap P )=4$
We wish to determine $n( P ).$
Using the result $n( M \cup P )=n( M )+n( P )-n( M \cap P )$
we obtain $20=12+n(P)-4$
Thus $n( P )=12$
Hence $12$ teachers teach physics.
In a classroom, one-fifth of the boys leave the class and the ratio of the remaining boys to girls is $2: 3$. If further $44$ girls leave the class, then class the ratio of boys to girls is $5: 2$. How many more boys should leave the class so that the number of boys equals that of girls?
In a survey it was found that $21$ people liked product $A, 26$ liked product $B$ and $29$ liked product $C.$ If $14$ people liked products $A$ and $B, 12$ people liked products $C$ and $A, 14$ people liked products $B$ and $C$ and $8$ liked all the three products. Find how many liked product $C$ only.
A market research group conducted a survey of $1000$ consumers and reported that $720$ consumers like product $\mathrm{A}$ and $450$ consumers like product $\mathrm{B}$, what is the least number that must have liked both products?
In a certain town, $25\%$ of the families own a phone and $15\%$ own a car; $65\%$ families own neither a phone nor a car and $2,000$ families own both a car and a phone. Consider the following three statements
$(A)\,\,\,5\%$ families own both a car and a phone
$(B)\,\,\,35\%$ families own either a car or a phone
$(C)\,\,\,40,000$ families live in the town
Then,
In a Mathematics test, the average marks of boys is $x \%$ and the average marks of girls is $y \%$ with $x \neq y$. If the average marks of all students is $z \%$, the ratio of the number of girls to the total number of students is