Temperature of water at the surface of lake is $ - {20^o}C$ Then temperature of water just below the lower surface of ice layer is ...... $^oC$

Value of temperature gradient is $80\,^oC/m$ on a rod of $0.5\,m$ length. Temperature of hot end is $30\,^oC$, then what is the temperature of cold end ?

Objects $A$ and $B$ that are initially separated from each other and well isolated from their surroundings are then brought into thermal contact. Initially $T_A= 0^oC$ and $T_B = 100^oC$. The specific heat of $A$ is less than the specific heat of $B$. After some time, the system comes to an equilibrium state. The final temperatures are :

he ratio of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of two different materials is $5 : 3$ . If the thermal resistance of the rod and thickness of these materials is same, then the ratio of the length of these rods will be

Two materials having coefficients of thermal conductivity $3K$ and $K$ and thickness $d$ and $3d$, respectively, are joined to form a slab as shown in the figure. The temperatures of the outer surfaces are  $\theta_2$ and $\theta_1$ respectively  $\left( {\theta _2} > {\theta _1} \right)$ . The temperature at the interface is

Two identical plates of different metals are joined to form a single plate whose thickness is double the thickness of each plate. If the coefficients of conductivity of each plate are $2$ and $3$ respectively, then the conductivity of composite plate will be