दिया है $a + b + c + d = 0$, नीचे दिए गए कथनों में से कौन-सा सही है

$(a)$ $a , b , c$ तथा $d$ में से प्रत्येक शून्य सदिश है,

$(b)$ $( a + c )$ का परिमाण $( b + d )$ के परिमाण के बराबर है, नहीं हो सकता

$(d)$ यदि $a$ तथा $d$ सरेखीय नहीं हैं तो $b + c$ अवश्य ही $a$ तथा $d$ के समतल में होगा, और यह $a$ तथा $d$ के अनुदिश होगा यद् वे सरंखीय हैं ।

$(a)$ Incorrect : In order to make $a+b+c+d=0,$ it is not necessary to have all the four given vectors to be null vectors. There are many other combinations which can give the sum zero.

$(b)$ Correct : $a + b + c + d = 0 a + c =-( b + d )$

Taking modulus on both the sides, we get:

$| a + c |=|-( b + d )|=| b + d |$

Hence, the magnitude of $(a+c)$ is the same as the magnitude of $(b+d)$

$(c)$ Correct : $a+b+c+d=0 a=(b+c+d)$

Taking modulus both sides, we get:

$| a |=| b + c + d |$

$| a | \leq| a |+| b |+| c | \ldots  \ldots(i)$

Equation $(i)$ shows that the magnitude of $a$ is equal to or less than the sum of the magnitudes of $b , c ,$ and $d$ Hence, the magnitude of vector $a$ can never be greater than the sum of the magnitudes of $b , c ,$ and $d$

$(d)$ Correct : For $a+b+c+d=0$

The resultant sum of the three vectors $a,(b+c),$ and $d$ can be zero only if $(b+c)$ lie in a plane containing a and $d$, assuming that these three vectors are represented by the three sides of a triangle.

If $a$ and $d$ are collinear, then it implies that the vector ( $b+c$ ) is in the line of $a$ and $d$. This implication holds only then the vector sum of all the vectors will be zero.