An infinite number of charges, each of charge $1 \,\mu C$ are placed on the $x$-axis with co-ordinates $x = 1, 2,4, 8, ....\infty$. If a charge of $1\, C$ is kept at the origin, then what is the net force acting on $1\, C$ charge....$N$

The diagrams depict four different charge distributions. All the charged particles are at same distance from origin $(i.e. OA = OB = OC = OD)$ $F_1$ , $F_2$ , $F_3$ and $F_4$ are the magnitude of electrostatic force experienced by a point charge $q_0$ kept at origin in figure $-1$ , figure $-2$ , figure $-3$ and figure $-4$ respectively. Choose the correct statement.

Figure represents a crystal unit of cesium chloride, $\mathrm{CsCl}$. The cesium atoms, represented by open circles are situated at the corners of a cube of side $0.40\,\mathrm{nm}$, whereas a $\mathrm{Cl}$ atom is situated at the centre of the cube. The $\mathrm{Cs}$ atoms are deficient in one electron while the $\mathrm{Cl}$ atom carries an excess electron.

$(i)$ What is the net electric field on the $\mathrm{Cl}$ atom due to eight $\mathrm{Cs}$ atoms ?

$(ii)$ Suppose that the $\mathrm{Cs}$ atom at the corner $A$ is missing. What is the net force now on the $\mathrm{Cl}$ atom due to seven remaining $\mathrm{Cs}$ atoms ?

If $g_E$ and $g_M$ are the accelerations due to gravity on the surfaces of the earth and the moon respectively and if Millikan's oil drop experiment could be performed on the two surfaces, one will find the ratio (electronic charge on the moon/electronic charge on the earth) to be

There is another useful system of units, besides the $\mathrm{SI/MKS}$. A system, called the $\mathrm{CGS}$ (centimeter-gramsecond) system. In this system Coloumb’s law is given by $\vec F = \frac{{Qq}}{{{r^2}}} \cdot \hat r$ where the distance $r$ is measured in $cm\left( { = {{10}^{ - 2}}m} \right)$ , $\mathrm{F}$ in dynes $\left( { = {{10}^{ - 5}}N} \right)$  and the charges in electrostatic units $(\mathrm{es\,unit}$), where $1$ $\mathrm{esu}$ of charge $ = \frac{1}{{[3]}} \times {10^{ - 9}}C$. The number ${[3]}$ actually arises from the speed of light in vacuum which is now taken to be exactly given by $c = 2.99792458 \times {10^8}m/s$. An approximate value of $c$ then is $c = 3 \times {10^8}m/s$.

$(i)$ Show that the coloumb law in $\mathrm{CGS}$ units yields $1$ $\mathrm{esu}$ of charge = $= 1\,(dyne)$ ${1/2}\,cm$. Obtain the dimensions of units of charge in terms of mass $\mathrm{M}$, length $\mathrm{L}$ and time $\mathrm{T}$. Show that it is given in terms of fractional powers of $\mathrm{M}$ and $\mathrm{L}$ .

$(ii)$ Write $1$ $\mathrm{esu}$ of charge $=xC$, where $x$ is a dimensionless number. Show that this gives $\frac{1}{{4\pi { \in _0}}} = \frac{{{{10}^{ - 9}}}}{{{x^2}}}\frac{{N{m^2}}}{{{C^2}}}$ with $x = \frac{1}{{[3]}} \times {10^{ - 9}}$ we have, $\frac{1}{{4\pi { \in _0}}} = {[3]^2} \times {10^9}\frac{{N{m^2}}}{{{C^2}}}$ or $\frac{1}{{4\pi { \in _0}}} = {\left( {2.99792458} \right)^2} \times {10^9}\frac{{N{m^2}}}{{{C^2}}}$ (exactly).

A charge ${q_1}$ exerts some force on a second charge ${q_2}$. If third charge ${q_3}$ is brought near, the force of ${q_1}$ exerted on ${q_2}$